Assessment of Cinamic acid and Costus roots extract against MDR-K. pneumoniae isolated from patients of COVID-19

The emergence of resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae associated with COVID-19 demonstrate a primary challenge for the antimicrobial therapy of infectious diseases and increases the incidence of mortality and morbidity." K. pneumoniae isolated from COVID-19 patient's sputum with ratio (100%). All K. pneumoniae clinical isolates had 100% resistance to ceftriaxone, piperacillin (80%), cefepime (60%), amikacin (40%), and meropenem =levofloxccin (20%). Bacterial isolates gave positive result for mCIM with ratio was 100%, also all isolates produced diversity of beta-lactamases at a rate of 100% by using spectrometry beta-lactamase assay. Costunolide (38.3 %), Rutin (15.33%), Pentadecanoic acid (6.54%), Oliec acid (4.77%), and Caproic acid (3.22%) considered as major compounds in Saussurea costus were identified by GC-Mass spectrometry. The beta-lactamase produced by K. pneumoniae were inhibited by Saussurea costus with a strong statistical significance at P-value: <0.01, while cinamic acid donot effected on beta-lactamase activity. Copyright © RJPT All right reserved.

Assessment of changes in sleep habits in elementary students during COVID_19 lockdown

Background: The World Health Organization has designated Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) an international emergency (WHO). Objectives: The major goal of this study to assess of sleep habits between students during Lockdown. Methodology: Data was collected using a cross-sectional survey approach. From September 10 to September 25, 2021, the study used snowball sampling techniques to collect data via an online survey. A number of social media sites were used to reach out to participants. The only requirement for participation was that you were the parent of a child aged 6 to 12. The "Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire" and the "Socio-demographic Information Questionnaire" (CSHQ) were completed by parents of (844) 6-12-year-old pupils between September 10 and September 25, 2021.

Assessment of Changes in Sleep Habits in Elementary Students during Covid_19 Lockdown

Introduction: Government limitations were initially established around the world in March 2020 in reaction to the COVID-19 epidemic. Objective(s): The objective of study is to see how sleep patterns alter in elementary kids during COVID 19 Lockdown. Material(s) and Method(s): The study data were collected by cross-sectional survey method. The study used an online poll to collect data from September 10 to September 25, 2021. The number of participants in the study was (844) parents. After reading the informed permission form and giving their explicit approval to participate in the study, parents answered the anonymous online question. The "CSHQ" is a parent-report survey that is extensively used to assess sleep habits and patterns in school-aged children. Result(s): shows that the absolute majority were male students whose ages were less than 9 years. And the students of the government school were higher than the eligibility, and the majority of the sample, that is, students living in the city, and more than the middle of the sample suffers from sleep problems during the healthy urban period. Conclusion(s): The study concluded that the researchers examined the links between sleep habits, parental traits, and children's lifestyle risk factors. It was found that sleep habits and increased physical inactivity were more correlated. Copyright © 2022, Medico Legal Society. All rights reserved.

Prevalence of weight gain among students of Mosul University, Iraq during quarantine 2020

Objective: To find how common weight gain was among Mosul University students during the Iraqi quarantine in 2020. Methodology: In this quantitative cross-sectional study, data were gathered using an electronic version of an Arabic-language questionnaire form from the 1st of September to 1st December 2021. We recorded demographic characteristics, eating habits and weight before and during the pandemic. Results: Out of 1688 students, 67% were males. Age of 40.17% was between 21 – 23 years. We found that 41% had same appetite and 54% had same number of meals per day and 57.6% had no extra activities. There is a significant value of age groups and gender with all forms of BMI. Conclusion: This study concluded that the there was a big difference of BMI during quarantine with a significant values of age groups and gender with all forms of BMI.

Impact of Proinflammatory Cytokines: (Interleukin 6, Interleukin 1α, and Interleukin 1β) on Biochemical Parameters in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Patients in Iraq

Background: The cytokine storm and specific biochemical results were both observed during Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. The aim of this study was to see if there was any correlation between biochemical findings and cytokine levels. Methods: A total of 65 COVID-19 patients, including 32 males and 33 females with ages between (16 and 90 years) were enrolled in this study. Between December 2020 and February 2021, these patients were admitted to Al-Amal Specialized Hospital or ward of COVID-19 care in Al-Sader Hospital. These patients were classified into severe/critical (43 cases), mild/moderate (22 cases) according to the guidelines released by National Health World depending on SpO 2 percentage. The biochemical indices were measured using FUJI DRI-CHEM NX500 automated clinical chemistry analyzer (FUJIFILM, Japan). The proinflammatory cytokine (interleukin-6 [IL-6], IL-1α, and IL-1β) were measured using ELISA technique. Results: IL-6 serum levels were negatively correlated with SpO2 (P = 0.002, R = - 0.372) and serum albumin (P = 0.034, R = - 0.301). IL-1α serum levels showed significant negative correlation with serum albumin levels (P = 0.039, R = - 0.259). Furthermore, a positive correlation found between IL-1β serum with serum levels of both AST and LDH (P = 0.049;R = 0.255;P = 0.054;R = 0.320 respectively). Discussion: Increased IL-6 serum levels have a direct impact on SpO2 percentage and serum albumin. Whereas the elevated levels of both IL-1α and IL-1β are a possible cause of acute inflammation and liver damage in COVID-19. Conclusions: This study further confirms the growing evidence on the direct role of proinflammatory cytokines in the biochemical changes shown in COVID-19. © 2022 EDP Sciences. All rights reserved.

Clinical Management of Appendicitis and Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Children with COVID-19

The novel coronavirus that swept the world into a pandemic in 2019 has affected many aspects of health care. COVID-19 has infected about 263 million people across the globe and led to the death of 5.2 million people. Its impact on various organs is still vague and requires further research. The increase in hospital visits and administrations has accordingly increased exposure and risk of obtaining the coronavirus. Patients previously hospitalized and being treated with immunosuppressants tend to be very susceptible to serious respiratory infections from the novel virus. Amongst the diseases that require hospitalization are ulcerative colitis and appendicitis. Hospitalization from such diseases inevitably increases the risk and exposure to COVID -19 infection. This study analyzed the management and procedures taken in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and appendicitis during the COVID-19 pandemic. Similarly, the effects of the pandemic on the pediatric ward and admitted children were also discussed and compared.

Acceptance of Covid-19 vaccine among nursing students of Mosul University, Iraq

Objective: To assess acceptance of vaccination against Coronavirus by nursing students of Mosul City. Methodology: This quantitative cross-sectional study collected data by using questionnaires from 215 students of College of Nursing, University of Mosul, Iraq from September 20 to December 20, 2021. All respondents were 18 – 30 years old. Results: Age of students was 20 to 26 years, (mean22.34 1.76). Almost two-thirds of respondents (70%) agreed that the nursing student should be vaccinated against Covid 19. Conclusion: The acceptability rate was significantly high among females. Higher acceptability of COVID-19 vaccination among nursing students was related with their age group and stage of study.

On Predicting COVID-19 Fatality Ratio Based on Regression Using Machine Learning Model

The world has been in the grips of the Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic for almost two years since December 2019. Since then the virus has infected over a hundred and fifty million and has resulted in over three million deaths. However, fatality rates have been observed to be drastically different in different countries. One reason could be the emergence of variants with differing virulence. Other factors such as demographic, health parameters, nutrition levels, and health care quality and access as well as environmental factors may contribute to the difference in fatality rates. To investigate the level of contributions of these different factors on mortality rates, we proposed a regression model using deep neural network to analyze health, nutrition, demographic, and environmental parameters during the COVID-19 lockdown period. We have used this model as it can address multivariate prediction problems with higher accuracy. The model has proved very useful in making associations and predictions with low Mean Absolute Error (MAE). © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

ADHERENCE THE PREVENTIVE MEASURE AGAINST FOR COVID-19AMONG TEACHERS AT UNIVERSITY OF MOSUL

Background: The only way to stop COVID-19 from spreading and wreaking havoc, especially in developing countries like Iraq, is to follow COVID-19 control and prevention methods Objectives: The goal of this study was to see how well teachers at the University of Mosul adhered to the COVID-19 prevention measures. Methodology: “A cross-sectional survey” was carried out among Teachers at university of Mosul - North Iraq, from January 11 to December 30, 2021. (480) teachers from Mosul University in various specializations were selected to participate in this survey. The instrument consist of 4 parts: Part 1: Demographical variables. Part two: Knowledge to COVID-19 preventive actions are all included in the questionnaire. Part 3: Attitude of teacher against to COVID-19 preventive measure. part 4: Adhered to the COVID-19 prevention measures. Results: This results of revealed that the study participants were 480 students between (20 - 61) or more years old, and mean age was 36.2 (SD = 2.02).(70%) of them, their attitude was about adhering to preventive measures against Corona, as well as (73.3%) their acquaintances were. Conclusion: Concluded of the study, the extent to which the university professor adhered to preventive measures and measures against Corona disease was well accepted and that the university professor’s attitudes were positive, as well as their high knowledge.

Prevalence of COVID-19 pandemic in province of Anbar, Iraq

Study sample of the 1101 patients with "COVID-19" showed that the infection rate of corona virus in men (66.3%) is Twice as high as it is in women (33.7%). According to age factor, patients with ages (26-35) years old were higher significantly compared other ages at (X2: 60.351, p-value: < 0.01). The distribution of Study sample according to blood types was as follows, 28.34%, 16.44%, 14.26%, 11.63%, 9.9%, 8.26%, 7.45%, and 3.72% for B+, AB+, O+, A+, B-, AB-, A-, O-, respectively. Current study was found the number of cases with blood type B+was substantially higher than in the other blood groups, while the ratio of number cases with type O- blood in the corona virus infection was substantially lower than other blood groups compared age at P-value: < 0.01. On the other hand, the single patients rate (62.94%) is higher than the married patients rate (37.06%), while the infected non-smokers corona virus infection portion (85.5%) is far higher than the incidence for smokers (17.5%) at statistically < 0.01.

An Inverted Virtual Faculty Development Program for Remote Teaching: Pilot for Replication

Background: Due to the COVID 19 pandemic, all the universities worldwide are experiencing a paradigm shift to online learning. Baby boomers and Generation X need to cope with the challenging transformation, so an emerging need for a faculty development program was needed towards achieving the goal of that transformation. Objectives: To describe and assess an inverted virtual faculty development program (VFDP) that was designed and implemented for the first time in the school to equip educators with the necessary technology competencies for remote online learning. Methods: An interventional prospective study held in a university setting post need analysis conduction to prioritize the required technological skills for faculty members. The program was designed to integrate five essential skills needed to by faculty members to teach remotely. The intervention comprised attending five virtual sessions after watching a pre-distributed material, then evaluated using the Kirkpatrick model. Results: Almost 81% of faculty members completed the program and 80 % of participants were satisfied with the content of the program. There was a statistically significant difference between the perceived ability of the participants to share and record video lectures before and after the VFDP (p value <0.001). The percentage of the departments that applied the program components showed that 96% of them were able to record lectures. In addition, 80% of them were able to develop online quizzes. Conclusion: The inverted virtual faculty development program (VFDP) has supported the participating faculty in developing their needed technological competencies required to bridge the gap of remote teaching/learning. © 2022, Ain Shams University Faculty of Medicine. All rights reserved.

CORRELATION BETWEEN TNF-ALPHA WITH HEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS IN SARS-COV-2 PATIENTS IN IRAQ

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel coronavirus referring to as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 that causes a viral infection (SARS-CoV-2). The current research focused on the relationship between TNF-alpha, hematological and biochemical markers in SARS-CoV-2 patients. SARS-CoV-2 patients were studied in this reflection investigation. Demographic features, laboratory markers were collected. This patients were classified in to SARS-CoV-2 with severe, moderate and mild patients based on Spo2 percentage. 84 patients severe, moderate and mid SARS-CoV-2 patients were involved. Compared severe, moderate and mild SARS-CoV-2 patients had significantly higher serum tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF)-α. Correlation examination indicated that TNF-a was negative correlation with lymphocyte percentage with mild groups (R= -0.44*, p = 0.03), hemoglobin within the moderate groups (R=-0.415*, p=0.031) and D. dimer levels in severe groups (R=-0.406*,p = 0.039). In conclusion, increased of TNF-α was significantly correlation with severity disease of SARS-CoV-2 patients.

Covid-19 (Pandemic): A Review Article

Coronaviruses are a group of enveloped viruses with nonsegmented, single-stranded, and positive-sense RNA genomes. Coronaviruses belong to the "Coronaviridae family", which causes various diseases, from the common cold to SARS and MERS. In March 2020 the World Health Organization declared the SARS-Cov-2 virus a global pandemic. We performed a review to describe existing literature about Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) history, Symptoms, Epidemiology, Clinical features, Clinical manifestations, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention.

A study of effect of remdesivir on mortatlity and hospital stay of moderate to severe cases of COVID-19/severe acute respiratory illness in North Karnataka region

Background: As the epidemic that started at Wuhan spread globally many agents with antiviral activity were evaluated for the treatment of coronavirus disease. Many agents were claimed to be "Game changer" in the management of covid. Likewise Remdesivir received much attention leading to high demand of a scarcely produced antiviral agent, which many a times was out of stock in our region.

Effect of COVID-19 virus on biomass index of infected patients

This work is the first study about the pandimic COVID-19 its effects on biomass index of recovered patients from COVID-19. Our study shows that the Corona virus causes irregular weight gain in the recovered individuals of the Corona virus at statistically < 0.001. We found that the corona virus infection rate of males (61%) is much higher than the rate for females (39%), while patients (less than 40) years of age were higher significantly compared other ages at (Chi-square: 9.665, p- value: 0.002). © 2020 EManuscript Technologies. All rights reserved.

Assessment the correlation of d-dimer and ferritin level in patients infected with Covid-19 in anbar governorate of Iraq

In total, 366 patients (193 males and 173 females) were screened with 366 D-dimer and ferritin. The current study showed that the infection with Covid-19 is affected by the patients age, the age group (less than 40) years was the most affected, where the rate of infection being (56.01%). also, the study showed the sex factor was an effect on spread infection where the men infection was more than women. The study also appeared that the caused a significant increase (p <0.001) in the D-dimer level in both sex and age. A significant increasing showed in ferritin level compared with the healthy group.

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Indian Migrant Workers

The coronaviruses are responsible for a variety of conditions like severe acute respiratory syndrome, common cold, and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome. Recently a new corona virus that was named later as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was responsible for an outbreak that happened in Wuhan, China. The disease that the virus causes has been named as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) which has been declared by the world health organization as a global pandemic later in March 2020. The COVID-19 crisis is having an unprecedented impact on global economies, businesses and workers. Migrant workers are mostly from rural areas but live most of the year in cities for work. Many have no savings and lived-in factory dormitories, which were shut due to the lockdown. Indian migrant workers during the COVID-19 pandemic have faced multiple hardships. With factories and workplaces shut down due to the lockdown imposed in the country, millions of migrant workers had to deal with the loss of income, food shortages, and uncertainty about their future. Following this, many of them and their families went hungry. Thousands of them began walking back home, with no means of transport due to the lockdown. In response, the Central and State Governments took various measures to help them, and later arranged transport for them. With public health catastrophe unfolding because of the disease as well as economy, the need of the hour is to include all migrant workers in government initiatives and provide equitable access to treatment, detection and treatment measures besides economic and vocational assistance.

COVID-19 and its impact on the cardiovascular system.

OBJECTIVES: The clinical impact of SARS-CoV-2 has varied across countries with varying cardiovascular manifestations. We review the cardiac presentations, in-hospital outcomes and development of cardiovascular complications in the initial cohort of SARS-CoV-2 positive patients at Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service Trust, UK. METHODS: We retrospectively analysed 498 COVID-19 positive adult admissions to our institute from 7 March to 7 April 2020. Patient data were collected for baseline demographics, comorbidities and in-hospital outcomes, especially relating to cardiovascular intervention. RESULTS: Mean age was 67.4±16.1 years and 62.2% (n=310) were male. 64.1% (n=319) of our cohort had underlying cardiovascular disease (CVD) with 53.4% (n=266) having hypertension. 43.2%(n=215) developed acute myocardial injury. Mortality was significantly increased in those patients with myocardial injury (47.4% vs 18.4%, p<0.001). Only four COVID-19 patients had invasive coronary angiography, two underwent percutaneous coronary intervention and one required a permanent pacemaker implantation. 7.0% (n=35) of patients had an inpatient echocardiogram. Acute myocardial injury (OR 2.39, 95% CI 1.31 to 4.40, p=0.005) and history of hypertension (OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.01 to 3.55, p=0.049) approximately doubled the odds of in-hospital mortality in patients admitted with COVID-19 after other variables had been controlled for. CONCLUSION: Hypertension, pre-existing CVD and acute myocardial injury were associated with increased in-hospital mortality in our cohort of COVID-19 patients. However, only a low number of patients required invasive cardiac intervention.